Disco

Lo disco es un genre musical de musica de dançar derivada del R&B (rhythm & blues) que mescla d'elements dels generes precedents. Subretot: lo funk ^[1] e la soul, ^[2], la musica pisquedelica ^[3]amb de tòcas latinas dins pron cases, subretot de la musica salsa^[4]^[5] e del Pop rock, mai tard, la musica afro-cubana (la Soca)^[6] la musica classica, lo Gospel^[7] lo Swing^[8] e lo Blues^[9] e que l'origina ven dels Estats Units d'America e de Canadà. Se popularizèt dins las discotecas dins lo decenni 1970.

Caracteristicas generalas de la musica disco

Estructura musicala de la musica disco

Ritme musical

La musica disco se caracteriza per un ritme binar de tempo pro aviat (a l'entorn de 120 batements par minuta), las pulsacions essent marcadas per la tambora sus cada temps de la mesura 4/4. Plan sovent los contratemps son punchata pel piano.^[10]

Armonias e arrengaments

Lo son orquestral normalament conegut coma son disco se basa sus la preséncia de seccions de còrda (violons, altos, Violoncèl‎s...) e coires, que desvolupan de frasas linàrias a l'unison, darrièra la basa instrumentala formada pel piano electric e la guitarra electrica (amb tòcas clarament preses del funk). Al contrari del rock, la guitarra solista es pas utilizada.

Lo resultat èra una mèna de mur de son, brilhant, amb de grops orquestrals prenent lo ròtle de solistas e amb un background armonic, basada sus una progression d’acòrdis plan definit (menor/seten/menor), amb predominéncia dels acòrdis de seten major.

Periòde istoric

La musica disco aguèt un periòde d'espandida maximala de 10 ans entre 1972 e 1982 amb un reviscòl dins lo decenni de 1990.

Cap a la mitat del decenni de 1970 trionfèron los mai caracterestics coma MFSB, Donna Summer, The Jackson 5, Gloria Gaynor, Barry White, The Bee Gees, Kool & The Gang, KC and The Sunshine Band, Cerrone, Village People, Boney M o ABBA. Mai tardivament, se pòt tanben citar grops de la debuta de las annadas 1980 coma Imagination e Indeep. D'autres artistas enregistrèron ocasionalament de musica disco coma Leo Sayer (You Make me feel like dancing), Rod Stewart (Do you think i'm sexy?), Electric Light Orchestra (Last Train To London) e Blondie (Heart Of Glass).

Divèrses filmes coma Saturday Night Fever contribuiguèron al lançament d’aquel genre musical. La musica disco influís la musica electronica dels ans 1980 coma la hi-NRG e los genres coma la House o la tècno.

Nòtas

↑ (2003) (en)A history of rock music 1951–2000, ISBN 9780595295654, p.152: "Funk music opened the doors to the disco subculture"
↑ (en)(2003) Out of the Revolution, ISBN 9780739105474, p.398 : "Funk, disco, and Rap music are grounded in the same aesthetic concepts that define the soul music tradition."
↑ (2000) Last Night a DJ Saved My Life, ISBN 9780802136886, p.127: "Its [disco] music grew as much out of the psychedelic experiments ... as from ... Philadelphia orchestrations"
↑ origins Disco: Encyclopedia II - Disco - Origins. Experiencefestival.com. Retrieved on November 29, 2008
↑ (2001) American Studies in a Moment of Danger, ISBN 9780816639489, p.145: "It has become general knowledge by now that the fusion of Latin rhythms, Anglo-Caribbean instrumentation, North American black "soul" vocals, and Euro-American melodies gave rise to the disco music"
↑ "motownswingsocamerengue" (2003) The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco, ISBN 9781884365324, p.67: "Disco incorporates stylistic elements of Rock, Funk and the Motown sound while also drawing from Swing, Soca, Merengue and Afro-Cuban styles"
↑ "A Change is Gonna Come" (2006) A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America, ISBN 9780472031474, p.207: "A looser, explicitly polyrhythmic attack pushes the blues, gospel, and soul heritage into apparently endless cycle where there is no beginning or end, just an ever-present "now"."
↑ "motownswingsocamerengue"
↑ "A Change is Gonna Come"
↑ Guardian [1]

Bibliografia de referéncias

Michaels, Mark (1990). The Billboard Book of Rock Arranging. ISBN 0-8230-7537-0.
Jones, Alan and Kantonen, Jussi (1999). Saturday Night Forever: The Story of Disco. Chicago, Illinois: A Cappella Books. ISBN 1-55652-411-0.
Brewster, Bill and Broughton, Frank (1999) Last Night a DJ Saved my Life: the History of the Disc Jockey Headline Book Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7472-6230-6.
Lawrence, Tim (2004). Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970-1979. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3198-5.

[1] (2003) (en)A history of rock music 1951–2000, ISBN 9780595295654, p.152: "Funk music opened the doors to the disco subculture"

[2] (en)(2003) Out of the Revolution, ISBN 9780739105474, p.398 : "Funk, disco, and Rap music are grounded in the same aesthetic concepts that define the soul music tradition."

[philadelphiasoulpsychedelicmusic-3] (2000) Last Night a DJ Saved My Life, ISBN 9780802136886, p.127: "Its [disco] music grew as much out of the psychedelic experiments ... as from ... Philadelphia orchestrations"

[4] rigins Disco: Encyclopedia II - Disco - Origins. Experiencefestival.com. Retrieved on November 29, 2008

[5] (2001) American Studies in a Moment of Danger, ISBN 9780816639489, p.145: "It has become general knowledge by now that the fusion of Latin rhythms, Anglo-Caribbean instrumentation, North American black "soul" vocals, and Euro-American melodies gave rise to the disco music"

[6] "motownswingsocamerengue" (2003) The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco, ISBN 9781884365324, p.67: "Disco incorporates stylistic elements of Rock, Funk and the Motown sound while also drawing from Swing, Soca, Merengue and Afro-Cuban styles"

[7] "A Change is Gonna Come" (2006) A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America, ISBN 9780472031474, p.207: "A looser, explicitly polyrhythmic attack pushes the blues, gospel, and soul heritage into apparently endless cycle where there is no beginning or end, just an ever-present "now"."

[8] "motownswingsocamerengue"

[9] "A Change is Gonna Come"

[10] Guardian [1]

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