Alfabet cirillic

Alfabet cirillic
	Cyrillic_alternates.svg
Tipe	sistèma d'escritura, alfabet, alfabèt bicameral e escritura naturala
Lengas	rus, ucraïnés, bielorús, sèrbe, macedonian e bulgar, e autres, principalament en Russia
Creador	Climent d'Ocrida (ca) , Naüm d'Ocrida (ca) e Constantin de Preslav (fr)
Creacion	sègle ix
Basat de	alfabet grèc
Eponim	Ciril (ca)
ISO 15924	Cyrl (220 )
Direccion	d'esquèrra a dreita
Interval Unicode	U+0400-04FF, U+0500-052F, U+1C80-1C8F, U+2DE0-2DFF e U+A640-A69F
Mapa de distribucion
	País ont es utilisat coma escritura principala; País ont es utilisat emb una autra escritura officiala;

L’alfabet cirillic (bulgar e macedonian : кирилица ; en rus : кириллица ; en ucraïnian : кирилиця ; en bielorús : кірыліца ; en rutèn/rusin : кырилиця ; en sèrbe : ћирилица et ćirilica) es un alfabet bicameral de trenta letras. Es basat sus l'Alfabet cirillic arcaïc que foguèt desvolopat durant lo sègle IX a l'Escòla literària de Preslav dins lo Primièr Empèri bulgar.^[1]^[2]^[3] Es la basa d'alfabets emplegats dins mai d'una lengas, especialament aquelas d'origina ortodòxa eslava, e las lengas non eslava influénciadas pel rus. En 2011, aperaquí 252 milion de personas en Eurasia o utilizavan coma alfabet oficial de sa lenga nacionala, amb Russia comptant per un quart d'aqueles.^[4] Amb l'accession de Bulgaria dins l'Union Europèa lo 1èr de genièr de 2007, lo cirillic venguèt lo tresen alfabet oficial de l'Union, après l'alfabet latin e l'alfabet grèc.^[5]

Lo cirillic foguèt creat a partir del grèc dins sa grafia onciala e de l’alfabet glagolitic amb qualquas ligaturas. Aquelas letras adiconalas foguèron utilizadas per los sons de l'eslavon qu'existisson pas en grèc. L'alfabet es nomenat en onor de dos fraires bizantins,^[6] Sant Ciril e Metòdi, que creèron l'alfabet glagolitic earlier on. Los universitaris pensan uèi que lo cirillic foguèt desvolopat e formalizat per los primièrs discípols de Ciril e Metòdi.

Al començament del sègle XVIII, l'alfabet cirillic utilizat en Russia foguèt reformat per Pèire lo Grand, que tornava de sa Granda Ambassada en Euròpa de l'Oèst. La forma novèla de las letras se sarrèt de l'alfabet latin, mai d'unas letras arcaïcas foguèron levadas e d'autras foguèron personalament concebudas per Pèire lo Grand (coma la Я qu'esinspirada de la R latina). ^[7]

Letras

Letras de l'alfabet cirillic
А A	Б Be	В Ve	Г Ge	Ґ Ge upturn	Д De	Ђ Dje	Ѓ Gje	Е Ye	Ё Yo	Є Yest	Ж Zhe
З Ze	З́ Zje	Ѕ Dze	И I	І Dotted I	Ї Yi	Й Short I	Ј Je	К Ka	Л El	Љ Lje	М Em
Н En	Њ Nje	О O	П Pe	Р Er	С Es	С́ Sje	Т Te	Ћ Tshe	Ќ Kje	У U	Ў Short U
Ф Ef	Х Kha	Ц Tse	Ч Che	Џ Dzhe	Ш Sha	Щ Shcha	Ъ Hard sign (Yer)	Ы Yery	Ь Soft sign (Yeri)	Э E	Ю Yu
Я Ya
Importantas letras cirillicas non-eslavas
Ӏ Palochka	Ә Cyrillic Schwa	Ғ Ayn	Ҙ Bashkir Dhe	Ҫ Bashkir The	Ҡ Bashkir Qa	Җ Zhje	Қ Ka with descender	Ң Ng	Ҥ En-ghe	Ө Barred O	Ү Straight U
Ұ Straight U with stroke	Һ Shha (He)	Ҳ Kha with descender	Ӑ A with breve
Letras cirillica utilizadas autrecòps
Ꙗ A iotified	Ѥ E iotified	Ѧ Yus small	Ѫ Yus big	Ѩ Yus small iotified	Ѭ Yus big iotified	Ѯ Ksi	Ѱ Psi	Ꙟ Yn	Ѳ Fita	Ѵ Izhitsa	Ѷ Izhitsa okovy
Ҁ Koppa	ОУ Uk	Ѡ Omega	Ѿ Ot	Ѣ Yat

Vejatz tanben

Transcripcion dels alfabets arabi, cirillic e grèc en occitan

Referéncias

↑ Dvornik, Francis. The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization. «The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.»
↑ Florin Curta (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge University Press, p. 221–222. ISBN 0521815398.
↑ J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). Oxford History of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press, p. 100. ISBN 0191614882.
↑ List of countries by population
↑ Leonard Orban «Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European», 24 mai 2007. europe.eu.
↑ Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, s.v. "Cyril and Methodius, Saints"; Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Incorporated, Warren E. Preece – 1972, p. 846, s.v., "Cyril and Methodius, Saints" and "Eastern Orthodoxy, Missions ancient and modern"; Encyclopedia of World Cultures, David H. Levinson, 1991, p. 239, s.v., "Social Science"; Eric M. Meyers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, p. 151, 1997; Lunt, Slavic Review, June 1964, p. 216; Roman Jakobson, Crucial problems of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies; Leonid Ivan Strakhovsky, A Handbook of Slavic Studies, p. 98; V. Bogdanovich, History of the ancient Serbian literature, Belgrade, 1980, p. 119
↑ «Civil Type and Kis Cyrillic», 22 mai 2016. typejournal.ru.

[1] Dvornik, Francis. The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization. «The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.»

[2] Florin Curta (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge University Press, p. 221–222. ISBN 0521815398.

[3] J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). Oxford History of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press, p. 100. ISBN 0191614882.

[4] List of countries by population

[5] Leonard Orban «Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European», 24 mai 2007. europe.eu.

[6] Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, s.v. "Cyril and Methodius, Saints"; Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Incorporated, Warren E. Preece – 1972, p. 846, s.v., "Cyril and Methodius, Saints" and "Eastern Orthodoxy, Missions ancient and modern"; Encyclopedia of World Cultures, David H. Levinson, 1991, p. 239, s.v., "Social Science"; Eric M. Meyers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, p. 151, 1997; Lunt, Slavic Review, June 1964, p. 216; Roman Jakobson, Crucial problems of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies; Leonid Ivan Strakhovsky, A Handbook of Slavic Studies, p. 98; V. Bogdanovich, History of the ancient Serbian literature, Belgrade, 1980, p. 119

[Civil_Type-7] «Civil Type and Kis Cyrillic», 22 mai 2016. typejournal.ru.

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